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In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, if and only if (shortened iff) is a biconditional logical connective between statements. In that it is biconditional, the connective can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if", equal to "if ... then") combined with its reverse ("if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of either one of the connected statements requires the truth of the other (i.e. either both statements are true, or both are false). It is controversial whether the connective thus defined is properly rendered by the English "if and only if", with its pre-existing meaning. There is nothing to stop one from ''stipulating'' that we may read this connective as "only if and if", although this may lead to confusion. In writing, phrases commonly used, with debatable propriety, as alternatives to P "if and only if" Q include ''Q is necessary and sufficient for P'', ''P is equivalent (or materially equivalent) to Q'' (compare material implication), ''P precisely if Q'', ''P precisely (or exactly) when Q'', ''P exactly in case Q'', and ''P just in case Q''. Many authors regard "iff" as unsuitable in formal writing;〔E.g. 〕 others use it freely.〔.〕 In ''logic formulae'', logical symbols are used instead of these phrases; see the discussion of notation. ==Definition== The truth table of ''p ↔ q'' is as follows:〔(p <=> q ). Wolfram|Alpha〕 Note that it is equivalent to that produced by the XNOR gate, and opposite to that produced by the XOR gate. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「If and only if」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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